Nível de atividade física de fisioterapeutas de um hospital público / Level of physical activity of physical therapists at a public hospital

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de atividade física dos fisioterapeutas e identificar o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais de um hospital público de grande porte em Goiânia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo realizado de abril a agosto de 2020. Foram incluídos fisioterapeutas de ambos os sexos, contratados há no mínimo seis meses, e que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Excluídos da pesquisa aqueles em férias ou licença médica no período da coleta de dados. Para avaliar o nível de atividade física utilizou-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), e um questionário para conhecer o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão, enquanto as categóricas, em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Grande parte dos indivíduos é do sexo feminino (73,5%) com maior prevalência de inativos (76%), sendo que (49,9%) cumprem carga horária maior que 30 horas semanais. Do total da amostra (61,8%) tem pelo menos especialização na sua formação profissional. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas do serviço público apresentam o nível de atividade física reduzido, com maior proporção classificados como inativos, segundo a OMS.

Purpose: evaluate the level of physical activity of physical therapists and identify the socioeconomic profile of these professionals in a large public hospital in Goiânia. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out from April to August 2020. Physical therapists of both sexes, hired for at least six months, and who signed a free and informed consent form, were included. The research excluded those on vacation or sick leave during the data collection period. In order to assess the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used, as well as a questionnaire to learn about the socioeconomic profile of these professionals. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, while categorical variables were in absolute and relative frequency. Results: Most of the individuals are female (73.5%) with a higher prevalence of inactive people (76%), and (49.9%) working more than 30 hours per week. From the total sample, 61.8% were at least specialists in their areas. Conclusion: Public service physical therapists have a reduced level of physical activity, with a greater proportion being classified as inactive, according to WHO.

Descripción de la rehabilitación física en terapias intensivas de Argentina, práctica habitual y durante la pandemia COVID-19. Encuesta tipo online / Description of physical rehabilitation in intensive care units in Argentina: usual practice and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online survey

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la práctica habitual de asistencia kinésica motora en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos, tanto en pacientes con y sin COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de tipo encuesta online. Se incluyeron kinesiólogos que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos en Argentina. Se realizaron 16 preguntas de respuesta múltiple o simple agrupadas en 3 apartados. El primero caracterizado por datos personales, profesionales o del ámbito laboral. El segundo, destinado a conocer el accionar habitual y un tercero enfocado en las prácticas bajo la pandemia COVID-19. Resultados: Sobre 351 kinesiólogos, el 76.1% reportó que la movilización de los pacientes estaba a cargo exclusivamente de ellos. El objetivo máximo a alcanzar desde el aspecto motor fue variable según cuatro escenarios: Pacientes en ventilación mecánica, desvinculados de la ventilación mecánica, los que nunca estuvieron asociados a la ventilación mecánica y con COVID-19 en ventilación mecánica. En el primer y último escenario el objetivo máximo fue optimizar valores de fuerza muscular. En los restantes fue realizar actividades de la vida diaria. Por último, la mayor limitante en el abordaje de pacientes con COVID-19 fue el aislamiento respiratorio y/o de contacto. Conclusión: Los kinesiólogos en Argentina reportaron encargarse de la movilización de los pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los objetivos máximos desde el aspecto motor para cuatro escenarios clásicos en el área cerrada podrían estar determinado por la asociación con la ventilación mecánica. La mayor limitación a la hora de movilizar a pacientes con COVID-19 fue el aislamiento respiratorio y de contacto.

Abstract Objective: To describe the usual practice of mobility therapy in the adult intensive care unit for patients with and without COVID-19. Methods: Online survey in which physical therapists working in an adult intensive care unit in Argentina participated. Sixteen multiple-choice or single-response questions grouped into three sections were asked. The first section addressed personal, professional and work environment data. The second section presented questions regarding usual care, and the third focused on practices under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Results: Of 351 physical therapists, 76.1% answer that they were exclusively responsible for patient mobility. The highest motor-based goal varied according to four patient scenarios: Mechanically ventilated patients, patients weaned from mechanical ventilation, patients who had never required mechanical ventilation, and patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation. In the first and last scenarios, the highest goal was to optimize muscle strength, while for the other two, it was to perform activities of daily living. Finally, the greatest limitation in working with patients with COVID-19 was respiratory and/or contact isolation. Conclusion: Physical therapists in Argentina reported being responsible for the mobility of patients in the intensive care unit. The highest motor-based therapeutic goals for four classic scenarios in the closed area were limited by the need for mechanical ventilation. The greatest limitation when mobilizing patients with COVID-19 was respiratory and contact isolation.

Frequência e caracterização da utilização de cânulas traqueais com balonete em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais e pediátricas do Brasil / Frequency and characterization of the use of cuffed tracheal tubes in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, pediátricas e mistas (neonatais e pediátricas) no Brasil que utilizam cânulas traqueais com balonete na prática clínica, e descrever as características relacionadas à utilização de protocolos e monitoração. Métodos: Para identificação das unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil, foi acessado o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, e foram obtidas informações de 693 unidades de terapia intensiva cadastradas. Trata-se de estudo transversal analítico do tipo survey realizado por questionário eletrônico enviado para 298 unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, pediátricas e mistas do Brasil. Resultados: Este estudo analisou 146 questionários (49,3% de unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, 35,6% de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas e 15,1% de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas mistas). A maioria das unidades participantes (78/146) utilizou cânulas traqueais com balonete, com predomínio de uso nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas (52/78). A maioria das unidades que utilizou cânulas traqueais com balonete aplicou protocolo de monitoração da pressão do balonete (45/78). O uso de protocolos de monitoração do balonete foi observado nas unidades de terapia intensiva com Serviço de Fisioterapia exclusivo da unidade (38/61) e naquelas com tempo de atuação do fisioterapeuta 24 horas/dia (25/45). A causa de falha de extubação mais frequentemente relacionada ao uso de cânulas traqueais com balonete em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas foi a obstrução de vias aéreas superiores. Conclusão: Nesta enquete, houve predomínio do uso de cânulas traqueais com balonete e da aplicação de protocolo de monitoração da pressão do balonete em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas. A utilização de protocolo de monitoração foi mais frequente em unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapeuta exclusivo e com tempo de atuação 24 horas/dia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the neonatal, pediatric and mixed (neonatal and pediatric) intensive care units in Brazil that use cuffed tracheal tubes in clinical practice and to describe the characteristics related to the use of protocols and monitoring. Methods: To identify the intensive care units in Brazil, the Ministry of Health's National Registry of Health Facilities was accessed, and information was collected on 693 registered intensive care units. This was an analytical cross-sectional survey conducted through electronic questionnaires sent to 298 neonatal, pediatric and mixed intensive care units in Brazil. Results: This study analyzed 146 questionnaires (49.3% from neonatal intensive care units, 35.6% from pediatric intensive care units and 15.1% from mixed pediatric intensive care units). Most of the participating units (78/146) used cuffed tracheal tubes, with a predominance of use in pediatric intensive care units (52/78). Most of the units that used cuffed tracheal tubes applied a cuff pressure monitoring protocol (45/78). The use of cuff monitoring protocols was observed in intensive care units with a physical therapy service exclusive to the unit (38/61) and in those with a physical therapist present 24 hours/day (25/45). The most frequent cause of extubation failure related to the use of cuffed tracheal tubes in pediatric intensive care units was upper airway obstruction. Conclusion: In this survey, the use of cuffed tracheal tubes and the application of a cuff pressure monitoring protocol was predominant in pediatric intensive care units. The use of a monitoring protocol was more common in intensive care units that had a physical therapist who was exclusive to the unit and was present 24 hours/day.

Informe descriptivo de casos auto-reportados de kinesiólogos(as) contagiados por COVID-19 en Chile / Descriptive report of self-reported cases of physiotherapists infected by COVID-19 in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: El 30 de enero de 2020 el Director General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró que elbrote de COVID-19 constituía una Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional. El 11 de marzo se determinóque el brote podría caracterizarse como una pandemia, considerando sus alarmantes niveles de propagación y gravedad. En este contexto sanitario, el personal de salud tiene mayor riesgo laboral de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Con el propósito de tener un registro del número de kinesiólogos(as) contagiados en el país, el Colegio de Kinesiólogos elaboró una encuesta de auto-reporte de contagio. Este informe presenta los datos recogidos entre el 01 de junio y el 31 de julio de2020. MÉTODOS: Se diseñó una encuesta online de auto-reporte de casos confirmados de contagio por COVID-19 dirigidaa todos los kinesiólogos(as) residentes en Chile que voluntariamente quisieran participar. RESULTADOS: La encuesta fue respondida por 157 kinesiólogos(as). El 85,3% de los casos correspondió a kinesiólogos(as) jóvenes menores de 40 años. El 77,7% residía en la Región Metropolitana. El 70,1% de los kinesiólogos(as) reportó trabajar en centros de salud de alta complejidad. El 95,5% de los casos tuvo un manejo domiciliario de los síntomas. CONCLUSIÓN: El contagio laboral por COVID-19 de parte de kinesiólogos(os) que atienden pacientes infectados es considerada una enfermedad profesional y debe ser atendida según lo dispuesto en la legalidad vigente. La prevención radica en el correcto uso de los elementos de protección personal.

INTRODUCTION: On January 30th, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On March 11th, it was determined that the outbreak could be characterized as a pandemic, considering its alarming levels of spread and severity. In this health context, health workers have a higher occupational risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. With the aim of keeping a record of the number of physiotherapists infected in the country, the Colegio de Kinesiólogos de Chile prepared a self-reported contagion survey. This report presents the data collected between June 1st and July 31th, 2020. METHODS: An online self-report survey of confirmed cases of contagion by COVID-19 was designed for all physiotherapists residing in Chile who voluntarily wanted to participate. RESULTS: The survey was answered by 157 physiotherapists. 85.3% of the cases corresponded to young professionals under 40 years of age. 77.7% resided in the Metropolitan Region. 70.1% of the physiotherapists reported working in highly complex health centers. 95.5% of the cases had a home management of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Occupational contagion by COVID-19 by physiotherapists who treat infected patients is considered an occupational disease and must be treated according to the provisions of current legislation. Prevention lies in the correct use of personal protection elements.

Atitudes clínicas e barreiras percebidas para a mobilização precoce de pacientes graves em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto / Clinical attitudes and perceived barriers to early mobilization of critically ill patients in adult intensive care units

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional sobre mobilização precoce em pacientes graves adultos, e identificar atitudes e barreiras percebidas para sua realização. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com médicos, profissionais de enfermagem e fisioterapeutas de seis unidades de terapia intensiva de dois hospitais de ensino no segundo semestre de 2016. Foram indicadas respostas com uma escala Likert de 5 pontos, as quais foram registradas como proporção de profissionais concordantes e discordantes. Teste do qui quadrado e exato de Fisher foram usados para determinar diferenças nas respostas por nível de formação, experiência prévia com mobilização precoce e anos de experiência em unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: Responderam o questionário 98 de 514 profissionais (taxa de resposta de 19%). Os benefícios da mobilização precoce reconhecidos foram manutenção da força muscular (53%) e redução no tempo de ventilação mecânica (83%). Atitudes favoráveis à mobilização precoce foram consentir que seus benefícios em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica superassem os riscos relacionados aos pacientes e à equipe; que a mobilização precoce deveria ocorrer rotineiramente por meio de protocolos de enfermagem e fisioterapia; e em alterar os parâmetros da ventilação mecânica e reduzir a sedação dos pacientes, para facilitar a mobilização precoce. As principais barreiras identificadas foram indisponibilidade de profissionais e tempo para a mobilização precoce, excesso de sedação, delirium, risco de autolesão musculoesquelética e excesso de estresse no trabalho. Conclusão: Os profissionais conhecem os benefícios da mobilização precoce e reconhecem atitudes que tornam favorável sua realização. Entretanto, aplicar a mobilização precoce foi percebida como desafiador, principalmente pela indisponibilidade de profissionais e tempo para a mobilização precoce, sedação, delirium, risco de autolesão musculoesquelética e excesso de estresse no trabalho.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the knowledge of multi-professional staff members about the early mobilization of critically ill adult patients and identify attitudes and perceived barriers to its application. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second semester of 2016 with physicians, nursing professionals and physical therapists from six intensive care units at two teaching hospitals. Questions were answered on a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed as proportions of professionals who agreed or disagreed with statements. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate differences in the responses according to educational/training level, previous experience with early mobilization and years of experience in intensive care units. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 98 out of 514 professionals (response rate: 19%). The acknowledged benefits of early mobilization were maintenance of muscle strength (53%) and shortened length of mechanical ventilation (83%). Favorable attitudes toward early mobilization included recognition that its benefits for patients under mechanical ventilation exceed the risks for both patients and staff, that early mobilization should be routinely performed via nursing and physical therapy protocols, and readiness to change the parameters of mechanical ventilation and reduce sedation to facilitate the early mobilization of patients. The main barriers mentioned were the unavailability of professionals and time to mobilize patients, excessive sedation, delirium, risk of musculoskeletal self-injury and excessive stress at work. Conclusion: The participants were aware of the benefits of early mobilization and manifested attitudes favorable to its application. However, the actual performance of early mobilization was perceived as a challenge, mainly due to the lack of professionals and time, excessive sedation, delirium, risk of musculoskeletal self-injury and excessive stress at work.

Satisfação profissional e perfil de egressos em fisioterapia / Job satisfaction and profile of graduates in physical therapy

Introdução: A percepção dos egressos sobre sua situação e satisfação profissional é fundamental para identificar a relação entre a formação profissional e as exigências do mercado de trabalho. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de egressos em fisioterapia e analisar fatores associados com satisfação e formação profissional. Métodos: Foram convidados egressos formados entre 2001 e 2013. Utilizou-se questionário online com questões sobre caracterização do egresso, aprimoramento profissional, mercado de trabalho e satisfação profissional. Resultados: Participaram 149 egressos, 50,5% solteiros e 75,8% mulheres. A qualificação profissional foi verificada em 82,6%. Ingressaram no mercado de trabalho em menos de 1 ano 69,8%. Atuavam com fisioterapia 85,9%. A principal área de atuação foi traumatologia e ortopedia (58,4%). Satisfação profissional foi relatada por 71,8% e satisfação econômica por 17,4%. Conclusão: A maioria dos egressos atuava em fisioterapia e buscou qualificação profissional. Grande parte dos participantes encontrava-se satisfeita profissionalmente, mas insatisfeita economicamente.

Introduction: Graduates' perception about their situation and professional satisfaction, which are fundamental to identify the relation between a professional formation and some demands of job market. Objective: To describe the characteristics of physical therapy graduates' profiles and to analyze factors associated with satisfaction and professional training. Methods: It was invited graduates from 2001 to 2013. An online questionnaire about the characterization of graduates, professional improvement, job market and professional satisfaction was used. Results: There were 149 graduates, singles (50.5%) and women (75.8%). About 82.6% were verified professional qualification. In less than one year 69.8% entered the labour market and 85.9% worked with physiotherapy. The main areas of practice were traumatology and orthopedics (58.4%). Professional satisfaction was reported by 71.8% people and economic satisfaction only by 17.4%. Conclusion: The majority of the graduates worked in physiotherapy and sought professional qualification. Most of them were professionally satisfied but economically insatisfied.

Burnout syndrome prevalence in physiotherapists

Summary Objective: To evaluate burnout syndrome in its three aspects, jointly as well as independently, in physiotherapists from the Extremadura region (Spain). Method: Analytic descriptive epidemiological transversal trial in primary care and institutional practice, with physiotherapists practicing in Extremadura who met the inclusion criteria, after having signed an informed consent form. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional accomplishment were the outcomes measured. Results: Physiotherapists from Extremadura show a 65.23 point level of burnout syndrome, according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. Therefore, they are positioned in the middle of the rating scale for the syndrome, and very near to the high level at starting score of 66 points. Conclusion: Physiotherapists in Extremadura present moderate scores for the three dimensions of burnout syndrome, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional accomplishment. For this reason, they are in the moderate level of the syndrome and very near to the high level, which starts at a score of 66 points. No relation between burnout syndrome and age has been found in our study.

Evidence-Based Practice: a survey regarding behavior, knowledge, skills, resources, opinions and perceived barriers of Brazilian physical therapists from São Paulo state

BACKGROUND: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) has been widely used by health professionals. However, no study in Brazil has investigated the data regarding the knowledge and difficulties related to EBP from a representative sample of physical therapists.OBJECTIVE: To identify behavior, knowledge, skills, resources, opinions and perceived barriers of Brazilian physical therapists from the state of São Paulo regarding EBP.METHOD: A customized questionnaire about behavior, knowledge, skills, resources, opinions and perceived barriers regarding EBP was sent by email to a sample of 490 physical therapists registered by the Registration Board of São Paulo, Brazil. Physical therapists who did not respond to the questionnaire were contacted by telephone and/or letter. The data were analyzed descriptively.RESULTS: The final response rate was 64.4% (316/490). Because 60 physical therapists were no longer practicing, 256 answers were analyzed. The physical therapists reported that they routinely read scientific papers (89.5%) as a resource for professional development, followed by continuing education courses (88.3%) and books (86.3%). Approximately 35% of the respondents reported a clear understanding of the implementation of research findings in their practice; approximately 37% reported no difficulties in critically appraising scientific papers; and 67.2% strongly agreed that EBP is important for their practice. The most commonly reported barriers were related to difficulties in obtaining full-text papers (80.1%), using EBP may represent higher cost (80.1%) and the language of publication of the papers (70.3%).CONCLUSION: Physical therapists from São Paulo state believe that they have knowledge and skills to use EBP. Although they have favorable opinions regarding its implementation, they still encounter difficulties in implementing EBP successfully.

Evidence-based practice: beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and skills among Colombian physical therapists / Práctica basada en la evidencia: creencias, actitudes, conocimientos y habilidades entre fisioterapeutas colombianos

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to describe a group of Colombian physical therapists' beliefs and attitudes towards Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), their education, knowledge and skills for implementing EBP, the use of relevant literature in clinical practice, access to and availability of scientific information and perceived barriers to including EBP in practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which involved 1,064 Colombian physical therapists. The study used a 50-item screening questionnaire EBP developed to estimate attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and skills regarding. This instrument has been adapted and was validated previously in Colombia by Flórez-López et al. Results: The population mostly consisted of young females (77.2%) aged 22 to 29 years old (79.4%). Most respondents had an undergraduate degree (87.7%). The physical therapists stated that they had positive attitudes and beliefs regarding EBP, most of them answering that they agreed or strongly agreed that EBP is necessary (71.6%), the relevant literature is useful for practice (61.3%), EBP improves the quality of patient care (64.1%) and evidence helps in decision-making (44.5%). Forty-one percent of the respondents indicated that a lack of research skills was the most important barrier to the use of evidence in practice. Conclusion: The physical therapists reported that they had a positive attitude to EBP and were interested in learning about or improving the skills necessary to adopt EBP in their clinical practice.

Objetivo: Describir en un grupo colombiano de fisioterapeutas las i) creencias y actitudes hacia la practica basada en la evidencia (PBE), ii) la educación, el conocimiento y las habilidades para implementar la PBE; iii) el uso de la literatura relevante en la práctica clínica; iv) el acceso y la disponibilidad de información científica; y v) la percepción de las barreras para la inclusión de la PBE. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 1,064 fisioterapeutas colombianos. El estudio usó el cuestionario que consta de 50-ítems para estimar las actitudes, creencias, conocimientos y habilidades hacia la PBE. Dicho instrumento fue adaptado y validado en Colombia por Flórez-López et al. Resultados: La mayoría de la población participante fueron mujeres (77.2%) en edades comprendidas entre 22 y 29 años (79.4%). El 87.7% de los encuestados eran titulados en fisioterapia. Los fisioterapeutas manifestaron tener actitudes y creencias positivas hacia la PBE. Una mayoría respondió que estaba de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo en que es necesaria la PBE (71.6%), en que la literatura es útil para la práctica clínica (61.3%), que la PBE mejora la calidad de la atención a los pacientes (64.1%), y en que la evidencia ayuda en la toma de decisiones clínicas (44.5%). El 41.0% de los encuestados indicaron que la falta de habilidades de investigación era la barrera más importante para el uso de la evidencia científica en la práctica clínica. Conclusiones: Los fisioterapeutas manifestaron una actitud positiva acerca la PBE y estaban interesados en aprender o mejorar las habilidades necesarias para adoptar la PBE en la práctica clínica.

Disponibilidade de assistência fisioterapêutica em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal na cidade de São Paulo / Availability of physical therapy assistance in neonatal intensive care units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Objetivo: Descrever as características da assistência fisioterapêutica prestada a neonatos e delinear o perfil dos fisioterapeutas que trabalham em unidades de terapia intensiva na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em todos os hospitais da cidade de São Paulo que tinham registro de pelo menos um leito de terapia intensiva para neonatos, segundo o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde em 2010. Em cada unidade, foram incluídos três categorias de fisioterapeutas: um executivo, responsável pelo serviço de fisioterapia do hospital (chefe da fisioterapia); um fisioterapeuta responsável pela assistência fisioterapêutica na unidade neonatal (fisioterapeuta de referência); e um selecionado ao acaso e diretamente envolvido no cuidado ao recém-nascido (fisioterapeuta assistencial). Resultados: Dentre os 67 hospitais elegíveis para o estudo, 63 (94,0%) dispunham de um serviço de fisioterapia. Três (4,8%) desses hospitais recusaram-se a participar. Assim, foram entrevistados 60 chefes da fisioterapia, 53 fisioterapeutas de referência e 44 fisioterapeutas assistenciais. Durante os turnos diurnos, noturnos e de finais de semana/feriados, respectivamente, não havia fisioterapeutas disponíveis em 1,7%, 45,0% e 13,3% das unidades de terapia intensiva. A assistência fisioterapêutica estava disponível por 17,8±7,2 horas/dia, e cada fisioterapeuta cuidava de 9,4±2,6 neonatos durante um turno de 6 horas. A maioria dos profissionais havia concluído pelo menos um curso de especialização. Conclusão: A maioria as unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal da cidade de São Paulo tinha fisioterapeutas atuando durante o turno diurno. Entretanto, os demais turnos tinham equipes incompletas e menos de 18 horas de assistência fisioterapêutica disponível ao dia. .

Objective: To describe the characteristics of physical therapy assistance to newborns and to provide a profile of physical therapists working in intensive care units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in every hospital in São Paulo city that had at least one intensive care unit bed for newborns registered at the National Registry of Health Establishments in 2010. In each unit, three types of physical therapists were included: an executive who was responsible for the physical therapy service in that hospital (chief-physical therapists), a physical therapist who was responsible for the physical therapy assistance in the neonatal unit (reference-physical therapists), and a randomly selected physical therapist who was directly involved in the neonatal care (care-physical therapists). Results: Among the 67 hospitals eligible for the study, 63 (94.0%) had a physical therapy service. Of those hospitals, three (4.8%) refused to participate. Thus, 60 chief-PTs, 52 reference-physical therapists, and 44 care-physical therapists were interviewed. During day shifts, night shifts, and weekends/holidays, there were no physical therapists in 1.7%, 45.0%, and 13.3% of the intensive care units, respectively. Physical therapy assistance was available for 17.8±7.2 hours/day, and each physical therapist cared for 9.4±2.6 newborns during six working hours. Most professionals had completed at least one specialization course. Conclusion: Most neonatal intensive care units in the city of São Paulo had physical therapists working on the day shift. However, other shifts had incomplete staff with less than 18 hours of available physical therapy assistance per day. .

Infraestrutura e adesão à higienização das mãos: desafios à segurança do paciente / Infrastructure and adherence to hand hygiene: challenges to patient safety / Infraestructura y adhesión a la higienización de las manos: desafíos a la seguridad del paciente

Considerando a importância das mãos na cadeia de transmissão de microrganismos, esta pesquisa observacional investigou a infraestrutura material e a adesão à higienização das mãos em unidade de terapia intensiva do sul do Brasil, em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por observação direta não participante e emprego de instrumento autoaplicável a 39 profissionais, analisados com auxílio de Teste do χ², estatística descritiva e análise de discurso quantitativa. Embora os profissionais superestimem a adesão, reconheçam a prática como relevante para a prevenção de infecções e refiram não haver fatores de impedimento, entre 1277 oportunidades observadas, a adesão foi de 28,6%, e significativamente menor antes do contato e dos procedimentos assépticos do que após o contato com o paciente. A infraestrutura apresentou-se deficiente em funcionalidade. Os resultados implicam risco para a segurança dos pacientes, sendo relevante o planejamento de ações corretivas e que promovam essa prática.

Considering the importance of hands in the chain of transmission of microorganisms, this observational research investigated the material infrastructure and compliance of hand hygiene in an intensive care unit in the south of Brazil, in 2010. The data was collected by direct non-participant observation and through the use of self-administered questionnaires to be completed by the 39 participants, which was analyzed with the assistance of the χ² Test, descriptive statistics and quantitative discourse analysis. Although health professionals overestimate compliance rates, recognize the practice as relevant to the prevention of infection and refer there are no impeding factors, of the 1,277 opportunities observed, compliance was 26% and significantly lower before patient contact and the use of aseptic procedures than after patient contact: infrastructure was shown to be deficient. The results indicate risk to patient safety, and, thus, the planning of corrective actions to promote hand washing is relevant.

Con base en la importancia de las manos en la cadena de transmisión de microorganismos, esta investigación observacional tuvo el objetivo de observar la infraestructura material y la adhesión a la higienización de las manos en unidad de terapia intensiva del sur de Brasil, en 2010. Los datos fueron recogidos por la observación directa no participante y empleo de instrumento autoaplicable a 39 participantes, analizados con ayuda del Test de χ², estadística descriptiva y análisis de discurso cuantitativo. A pesar de que los profesionales sobrestimen la adhesión, reconocen la práctica como relevante para la prevención de infecciones y refieren no haber factores de impedimento. Entre 1277 oportunidades observadas, la adhesión fue del 28,6% y significativamente menor antes del contacto y procedimientos asépticos que después del contacto con el paciente; la infraestructura se ha presentado deficiente en funcionalidad. Los resultados revelan riesgo para la seguridad de los pacientes siendo relevante el planeamiento de acciones correctivas y que promuevan esa práctica.

Distribution of physical therapists working on public and private establishments in different levels of complexity of health care in Brazil / Distribuição de fisioterapeutas entre estabelecimentos públicos e privados nos diferentes níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Health System is organized on a regional and hierarchical form with three levels of complexity of health care. The Primary Care represents the first element of a continuing health care process, complemented by specialized actions. However, the centrality of the specialized care is still a problem in Brazil, especially in the private sector. Studies on the distribution of professionals in the health system allowing the formulation of appropriate policies are needed. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution of physical therapists in the levels of complexity of health care and between public and private establishments, according to data from the National Register of Health Service Providers (NRHSP). METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed considering NRHSP-national bank data collected in March 2010 and demographic census 2010 data. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics techniques. RESULTS: We identified 53,181 registries of physical therapists, 60% linked to the private sector. Only 13% of all entries were linked to primary care. The predominance in specialized care occurred in the public sector (65%) and private sector (100%). The specialized establishments of private sector linked to the southeast region (16,043) were the main sites of physical therapists. Only the public sector in the south had a majority in the Primary Care. When considering the sizes of the cities, there is focus on specialist care in bigger cities. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the concentration of physical therapists in the specialized care, mostly in metropolis and big cities and in the private sector, with restricted to participation in the primary care.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é organizado de forma regionalizada e hierarquizada, apresentando três níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde. A atenção primária à saúde (APS) representa o primeiro elemento de um continuado processo de assistência à saúde, sendo complementada pelas ações especializadas. No entanto, a centralidade na atenção especializada ainda é uma realidade no país, principalmente no setor privado. Estudos sobre a distribuição das profissões no sistema de saúde permitem a formulação de políticas adequadas que fortaleçam a APS. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a distribuição dos fisioterapeutas nos níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde e entre os estabelecimentos públicos e privados de acordo com dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no banco nacional do CNES, em março de 2010, sendo analisados por técnicas estatísticas descritivas. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 53.181 cadastros de fisioterapeutas, com 60% vinculados ao setor privado. Apenas 13% de todos os cadastros estiveram vinculados à APS. A predominância na atenção especializada ocorreu no setor público (65%) e privado (aproximadamente 100%), sendo o maior número de profissionais vinculados a estabelecimentos privados especializados da região Sudeste (16.043). Apenas o setor público da região Sul apresentou maioria na APS. Quando considerados os portes dos municípios, verifica-se concentração na atenção especializada em municípios de maior porte. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo identificou concentração de fisioterapeutas na atenção especializada, majoritariamente em municípios de maior porte populacional e no setor privado, sendo ainda restrita a participação na APS.